SIRISA (Stem Bark)
Sirisa consists of stem bark of Albizzia lebbeck Benth. (Fam. Fabacem), a large tree, common throughout the country, ascending to 1200 m on the Himalayas.
SYNONYMS
Sansk. : Bhandi, Sitapuspa, Sukapriya, Mrdupuspa
Assam. : —
Beng. : Sirish, Siris
Eng. : Siris Tree, Lebbeck Tree
Guj. : Shirish
Hindi. : Siris, Shiris
Kan. : Bagey, Bage Mara, Hombage
Kash. : —
Mal. : Vaka, Nanmenivaka
Mar. : Siris
Ori. : Sersuan, Sirisha
Punj. : Sirish, Sareehn
Tam. : Vakai
Tel. : Dirisena
Urdu. : Siris
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Bark 1.5 – 2.5 cm thick, external surface dark brown, rough due to longitudinal fissures and transverse cracks, rhytidoma forming major part of bark and peeling off in flakes exposing buff coloured surface, middle bark brown, inner bark much fibrous. light yellow to grey; fracture, laminated in outer region and fibrous in inner region; taste, very astringent.
b) Microscopic
Mature bark about 2 cm thick, shows dead tissue of rhytidoma; cork consists of a few layers of thin-walled, transversely elongated and radially arranged cells; secondary cortex wide, composed of radially elongated to squarish, moderately thickwalled cells containing orange to reddish-brown contents; a few of the cells contain prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate; stone cells, variable in shape and size, present in singles or in groups throughout the region; secondary phloem consists of sieve elements, phloem parenchyma, phloem fibres and crystal fibres, traversed by phloem rays; prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate present in most of the phloem parenchyma cells; tangential bands of ceratenchyma present in middle and outer phloem region; phloem fibres. elongated, thick-walled, lignified, present in many concentric strips, mostly enclosed by crystals sheath throughout the middle and inner regions of phloem; crystal fibres having a number of septa, each chamber containing a single prismatic crystal of calcium oxalate; phloem rays numerous, radially elongated, somewhat wavy in outer phloem region and bi to multiseriate in the inner phloem region. being 2 – 5 cells wide and 7 – 25 cells high.
Powder – Greyish-brown; shows large number of stone cells, prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, crystal fibres and phloem fibres.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 1 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.2
Total ash Not more than 8 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.3
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.4
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 12 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.6
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 6 Per cent, Appendix 2.2.7
T.L.C. –
T.L.C. of the alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using Toluene: Ethylacetate (9: 1) shows under UV (366 nm) a fluorescent zone at Rf. 0.63 (blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour two spots appear at Rf. 0.07 and 0.21 (both yellow). On spraying with 5% Methanolic-Phosphomolybdic acid reagent and heating the plate at 105°C for ten minutes two spots appear at Rf. 0.07 and 0.21 (both light blue).
CONSTITUENTS – Saponins and Tannins.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Katu, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Laghu
Virya : Anusna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Sothahara, Tridosahara, Visghna, Tvagdosa, Varnya
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Vajraka Taila, Dasanga Lepa, Ayakrti, Devadarvarista, Brhanmaricyadi Taila
THERAPEUTIC USES – Pama, Kustha, Kandu, Visarpa, Kasa, Vrana, Sotha, Svasa, Musaka Visa, Sita Pitta, Raktadusti, Pinasa, Vismajvara, Pratisyaya, Sarpdansa, (Casake), Visadusti, Suryavarta, Ardhavabhedaka, Krmi Roga, Netrabhiasanda.
DOSE – 25-50 g. (Kwatha),
3-6 g. (Curna),
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